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Hemorrhoid Disease (Hemorrhoidopathy): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Hemorrhoidal cushions are a normal anatomical part of the human body. These vascular structures are located in the anal canal and help control bowel movements. Without them, many people would experience varying degrees of fecal incontinence. However, under certain conditions, these cushions can become enlarged and symptomatic — a condition known as hemorrhoidopathy.
Causes and Risk Factors
The enlargement of hemorrhoidal veins can result from several factors:
- Chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements
- Genetic predisposition
- Anatomic and morphological factors
- Pregnancy
- Sedentary lifestyle
Main Symptoms
Hemorrhoidopathy can manifest in the following ways:
- Bleeding (commonly during or after defecation)
- Pain (especially with prolapse or thrombosis of the hemorrhoids)
- Itching and burning in the anal region
Hemorrhoid Classification
Hemorrhoids are classified into 4 grades depending on the extent of prolapse:
Each grade requires a tailored approach to treatment.
- Internal hemorrhoids that do not prolapse but may bleed
- Hemorrhoids that prolapse during defecation but retract spontaneously
- Hemorrhoids that require manual repositioning
- Permanently prolapsed hemorrhoids that cannot be repositioned
Each grade requires a tailored approach to treatment.
Diagnosis and Consultation
At Vavilova Medical Center, patients with suspected hemorrhoidopathy are examined by a general surgeon specializing in anal conditions. The physician conducts a clinical evaluation and selects the most appropriate treatment based on the individual case.
Modern Treatment Methods
Sclerotherapy
A non-surgical method involving the injection of a sclerosing agent into the hemorrhoidal tissue. This leads to the closure and shrinking of the hemorrhoid. Ideal for small, bleeding hemorrhoids. It's a quick outpatient procedure that requires no anesthesia or hospitalization.
Rubber Band Ligation
Commonly used for Grade 2 hemorrhoids, this technique involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off blood supply. Within a few days, the hemorrhoid falls off naturally. It's a painless, outpatient procedure with no need for bowel preparation or anesthesia.
Surgical Options
In more advanced cases, surgery may be the only solution. Available surgical techniques include:
A non-surgical method involving the injection of a sclerosing agent into the hemorrhoidal tissue. This leads to the closure and shrinking of the hemorrhoid. Ideal for small, bleeding hemorrhoids. It's a quick outpatient procedure that requires no anesthesia or hospitalization.
Rubber Band Ligation
Commonly used for Grade 2 hemorrhoids, this technique involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off blood supply. Within a few days, the hemorrhoid falls off naturally. It's a painless, outpatient procedure with no need for bowel preparation or anesthesia.
Surgical Options
In more advanced cases, surgery may be the only solution. Available surgical techniques include:
- Laser hemorrhoidectomy (FILA)
- HAL/RAR — Doppler-guided ligation and rectoanal repair
- Radiofrequency hemorrhoidectomy (Rafaelo technique)
- Traditional Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy
Personalized Approach
Every case is different. Our specialists choose the most appropriate treatment based on the stage of the disease, symptom severity, and patient health.
If you're experiencing discomfort, pain, or rectal bleeding, do not delay a consultation. At Vavilova Medical Center in Limassol, we offer a wide range of modern and effective hemorrhoid treatments — from minimally invasive procedures to surgical solutions.
If you're experiencing discomfort, pain, or rectal bleeding, do not delay a consultation. At Vavilova Medical Center in Limassol, we offer a wide range of modern and effective hemorrhoid treatments — from minimally invasive procedures to surgical solutions.